Effects of risk-based multifactorial fall prevention program on maximal isometric muscle strength in community-dwelling aged: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the effects of risk-based multifactorial fall prevention program on maximal isometric strength in the community-dwelling aged. METHODS 591 subjects were randomized in two age groups (65-74 and > or = 75 yrs), intervention group (IG) (n=293) and control group (CG) (n=298). A 12-month program consisted of individual geriatric assessment, individual guidance on fall prevention, home hazards assessment, physical exercises in groups, lectures, psychosocial activity groups, and home exercises. Strength was measured on an adjustable dynamometer chair. RESULTS Among women, the extension strength of the left knee increased by 7% in IG and 2% in CG (p=0.006), and that of the right knee by 7% and 4% (p=0.057), respectively. Subgroup analyses in the two age groups revealed a significant difference between groups among men aged 65-74 yrs, in favour of CG subjects, whose flexion strength of the left knee increased by 14% whereas the corresponding increase in IG was only 1% (p=0.042). Among women aged 65-74 yrs, the extension strength of right (increase of 8% in IG, 4% in CG) (p=0.046) and left knees (9% and 3%) (p=0.008) and flexion strength of right (10% and 4%) (p=0.042) and left knees (10% and 4%) (p=0.041) increased more in IG than in CG. CONCLUSIONS The 12-month fall prevention program increased maximal isometric muscle strength among women only, especially those aged 65-74 years. We suggest that more intensive exercise, including the use of extra weights or resistance, is needed to increase muscle strength in men.